Cardiovascular changes after administration of aerosolized salbutamol in horses: five cases

Prevention and treatment of intraoperative hypoxemia in horses is difficult and both efficacy and safety of therapeutic maneuvers have to be taken into account. Inhaled salbutamol has been suggested as treatment of hypoxia in horses during general anesthesia, due to safety and ease of the technique. The present report describes the occurrence of clinically relevant unwanted cardiovascular effects (i.e. tachycardia and blood pressure modifications) in 5 horses undergoing general anesthesia in dorsal recumbency after salbutamol inhalation. Balanced anesthesia based on inhalation of isoflurane in oxygen or oxygen and air and continuous rate infusion (CRI) of lidocaine, romifidine, or combination of lidocaine and guaifenesine and ketamine was provided. Supportive measures were necessary to restore normal cardiovascular function in all horses but no long-term adverse effects were noticed in any of the cases

Dissociative Anaesthesia During Field and Hospital Conditions for Castration of Colts

The principal aim of this study was to evaluate dissociative anaesthesia for castration of colts during field conditions. Three dissociative anaesthetic protocols were evaluated during castration of colts in an animal hospital. The protocol considered to be the most suitable was thereafter evaluated during castration of colts under field conditions. Respiratory and haemodynamic parameters and the response to surgery were determined during anaesthesia. All horses breathed air spontaneously during anaesthesia. Under hospital conditions 26 colts were randomised to receive one of three anaesthetic protocols: Romifidine and tiletamine-zolazepam (RZ); acepromazine, romifidine and tiletamine-zolazepam (ARZ); or acepromazine, romifidine, butorphanol and tiletamine-zolazepam (ARBZ). The surgeon was blinded to the anaesthetic protocol used and decided whether supplemental anaesthesia was needed to complete surgery. Under field conditions 31 colts were castrated during anaesthesia with the ARBZ protocol. All inductions, anaesthesia and recoveries were calm and without excitation under both hospital and field conditions. Surgery was performed within 5–20 minutes after the horses had assumed lateral recumbency during both hospital and field castrations. Under hospital conditions some horses needed supplemental anaesthesia with all three anaesthetic protocols to complete surgery. Interestingly, none of the horses castrated with protocol ARBZ under field conditions needed additional anaesthesia. Cardiorespiratory changes were within acceptable limits in these clinically healthy colts

Minimally-destructive detection of magnetically-trapped atoms using frequency-synthesised light

We present a technique for atomic density measurements by the off-resonant phase-shift induced on a two-frequency, coherently-synthesised light beam. We have used this scheme to measure the column density of a magnetically trapped atom cloud and to monitor oscillations of the cloud in real time by making over a hundred non-destructive local density measurments. For measurements using pulses of 10,000-100,000 photons lasting ~10 microsecond, the precision is limited by statistics of the photons and the photodiode avalanche. We explore the relationship between measurement precision and the unwanted loss of atoms from the trap and introduce a figure of merit that characterises it. This method can be used to probe the density of a BEC with minimal disturbance of its phase.Comment: Submitted to New Journal of Physic

An attractive nucleon-nucleon spin-orbit force from skyrmions with dilatons

Within the skyrmion approach for the nucleon-nucleon force, difficulties have been experienced in obtaining an isoscalar attractive spin-orbit potential, in parallel to the problems of finding attraction in the isoscalar central potential. We here study the spin-orbit force using a skyrmion with four- and six-derivative stabilizing terms in the lagrangian as well as with the crucial addition of a dilaton. With these features present the spin-orbit force proves to be attractive as does the central potential. In the absence of the dilaton, attraction can also be found for the spin-orbit potential but only at the expense of a greatly over-emphasized term with six derivatives and a continuing absence of attraction in the central potential.Comment: 8 pages plus 5 figures in uuencoded tar-compressed for

Contrast medium-induced nephropathy, a more practical approach to prevention?

To The Editor: we read with interest the good review article by Drs Sterner and Nyman [1] concerning the safe use of intravascular contrast medium for both coronary interventions and multi-channel detector computed tomography. see the full text of the articl

Tapered-amplified AR-coated laser diodes for Potassium and Rubidium atomic-physics experiments

We present a system of room-temperature extended-cavity grating-diode lasers (ECDL) for production of light in the range 760-790nm. The extension of the tuning range towards the blue is permitted by the weak feedback in the cavity: the diodes are anti-reflection coated, and the grating has just 10% reflectance. The light is then amplified using semiconductor tapered amplifiers to give more than 400mW of power. The outputs are shown to be suitable for atomic physics experiments with potassium (767nm), rubidium (780nm) or both, of particular relevance to doubly-degenerate boson-fermion mixtures

Effect of Defocused CO(2 )Laser on Equine Tissue Perfusion

Treatment with defocused CO(2 )laser can have a therapeutic effect on equine injuries, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. A recent study has shown that laser causes an increase in equine superficial tissue temperature, which may result in an increase in blood perfusion and a stimulating effect on tissue regeneration. However, no studies have described the effects on equine tissue perfusion. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of defocused CO(2 )laser on blood perfusion and to correlate it with temperature in skin and underlying muscle in anaesthetized horses. Differences between clipped and unclipped haircoat were also assessed. Eight horses and two controls received CO(2 )laser treatment (91 J/cm(2)) in a randomised order, on a clipped and unclipped area of the hamstring muscles, respectively. The significant increase in clipped skin perfusion and temperature was on average 146.3 ± 33.4 perfusion units (334%) and 5.5 ± 1.5°C, respectively. The significant increase in perfusion and temperature in unclipped skin were 80.6 ± 20.4 perfusion units (264%) and 4.8 ± 1.4°C. No significant changes were seen in muscle perfusion or temperature. In conclusion, treatment with defocused CO(2 )laser causes a significant increase in skin perfusion, which is correlated to an increase in skin temperature

The Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect at 1 and 2 mm towards ROSAT Clusters

An observing campaign was devoted to the search for the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (S-Z) effect towards X-ray ROSAT Clusters in the millimetric spectral domain. A double channel (1.2 and 2 {\it mm}) photometer was installed at the focus of the 15m Swedish ESO Submillimeter Telescope (SEST) in Chile in september 1994 and 1995 and observations of the targets S1077, A2744, S295 and RXJ0658-5557 were gathered. Detections were found for A2744 at 1 {\it mm} and in both channels (at 1.2 and 2 {\it mm}) towards RXJ0658-5557. For the first time there is evidence for the S-Z enhancement and both the latter and the decrement were detected on the same source. We discuss astrophysical and systematic effects which could give origin to these signals.Comment: 6 pg Latex file (style file included) including 1 ps figure, XVIth Moriond Astrophysics Meeting "The Anisotropies of the Cosmic Microwave Background", Les Arcs, Savoie-France, March 16-23 199